What to Expect in Court: A Guide for First-Timers
Appearing in front of a judge for the first time is nerve-wracking. The good news is that courtroom etiquette is not complicated. It mostly comes down to being respectful, prepared, and aware of your surroundings.
The Bader Law Personal Injury Lawyers team has put together a few practical tips to keep in mind before you walk through those doors.
What to Call the Judge
Always address the judge as "your honor" when speaking to them directly. Outside the courtroom, "Judge Smith" is fine. If you are before a higher court, such as an appeals court, the correct title is "Justice," not "Judge." Pro tip: When in doubt, "your honor" is always a safe choice and will never offend.
Know Where to Sit and When to Stand
The judge sits elevated at the front of the room, called the bench. You will sit at one of the tables facing it. When the judge enters or leaves the room, stand up. When you speak to the judge, stand up. You will likely do this several times; just follow the lead of others in the room if you are unsure.
Show Up Early
If your hearing is scheduled for 10:00 a.m., aim to be seated by 9:30. Being late, or even right on time, creates a bad first impression. Arriving early gives you a chance to get settled, calm your nerves, and be fully ready when your name is called.
Dress Appropriately
You do not need to wear a suit, but you should look neat and put together. Stick to clean, simple clothing in neutral colors. Avoid anything ripped, overly casual, or attention-grabbing. How you dress signals how seriously you are taking the proceedings, and judges do notice.
Mind Your Phone and Your Manners
Turn your phone fully off before entering the courtroom. Not silent, and not vibrate mode. Be polite to everyone you encounter, from the security staff at the entrance to the court clerk. Do not bring food, gum, or drinks inside. Use the restroom before you go in.
Speaking in Court
If you are asked to speak in court, do so clearly and at a normal volume. No slang, no interrupting, and never talk over the judge. If the judge is speaking, stop and listen. Answer questions directly and honestly. If you do not know something, say so. Do not guess.
Keep your emotions in check regardless of what is said or decided. A calm, respectful demeanor will always serve you better than showing frustration.
Come Prepared
Know the basics of why you are there. Bring any documents you were asked to bring, along with extra copies. If someone else will be speaking on your behalf, make sure you have discussed everything in advance so there are no surprises.
After court, save your questions and reactions for a private space away from the courthouse. The hallway is not the place for those conversations.
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Courtrooms can feel intimidating, but most judges understand that ordinary people are not legal professionals. As long as you show up on time, dress respectably, speak honestly, and treat everyone in the room with courtesy, you will be just fine.
