Insight

Brazilian Courts authorize the use of digital media to find debtors

Não se pode deixar de lado o entendimento de tribunais, como o TJ/SP e TJ/SC, no sentido que a tentativa de oficiar as empresas de streaming, para buscar outros endereços do devedor, deve ser através de pedido e decisão devidamente fundamentados.

Ricardo Pontes Vivacqua

Ricardo Pontes Vivacqua

April 25, 2024 10:03 PM

No ordenamento jurídico clássico, em especial na vigência do CPC de 1973, as formas utilizadas para encontrar devedores durante o trâmite processual, eram restritas e limitadas, vez que deixavam o judiciário e a parte credora adstritos às buscas por meio de seus próprios sistemas de localização (SISBAJUD, RENAJUD, CNIB, SNIPER e INFOJUD/DOI), dos órgãos e entidades públicas, das empresas de cartão de crédito, e das concessionárias de serviços públicos.

Os princípios da cooperação e da máxima efetividade do processo, tratados nos artigos 4º e 6º, do atual CPC/15 acabou por conceder maior liberdade ao judiciário brasileiro, para localizar os devedores, se adaptando assim aos novos movimentos sociais, inclusive os digitais.

Isso porque o artigo 139, IV, do CPC/15, estabelece que o juiz dirigirá o processo conforme as disposições deste código, incumbindo-lhe: determinar todas as medidas indutivas, coercitivas, mandamentais ou sub-rogatórias necessárias para assegurar o cumprimento de ordem judicial, inclusive nas ações que tenham por objeto prestação pecuniária.

Diante disso, a jurisprudência dos Tribunais evoluiu, passando a tentar localizar os devedores mediante a utilização não só de seus próprios sistemas (SISBAJUD, RENAJUD, CNIB, SNIPER e INFOJUD/DOI), dos sistemas dos órgãos e entidades públicas, dos sistemas das empresas de cartão de crédito e das concessionárias de serviços públicos, mas também através das bases de dados dos aplicativos digitais e streamings (NETFLIX, HBO MAX, PRIME VIDEO, TELE CINE, IFOOD, UBER, 99 TAXI, dentre outros).

Neste sentido vale lembrar o julgado, da 4ª turma, do Tribunal Regional Federal - TRF da 4ª Região, que diante da impossibilidade de localizar o devedor, determinou em sede de agravo de instrumento, a utilização de meios coercitivos, alternativos, indiretos para induzir o devedor a, de forma voluntária, ainda que não espontânea, cumprir com o direito que lhe é exigido.

Entretanto, não se pode deixar de lado o entendimento de tribunais, como o TJ/SP e TJ/SC, no sentido que a tentativa de oficiar as empresas de streaming, para buscar outros endereços do devedor, deve ser através de pedido e decisão devidamente fundamentados. Além disso, o credor deve demonstrar que todas as outras tentativas convencionais de encontrar o devedor, foram frustradas.

Tribunais autorizam a utilização de mídias digitais para localizar devedores (migalhas.com.br)

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